What Causes My Shrubs To Turn Brown

(Many of the links in this article redirect to a specific reviewed product. Your purchase of these products through affiliate links helps to generate commission for Chicagolandgardening.com, at no extra cost. Learn more)

Introduction

Shrubs are a beautiful addition to any landscape, providing lush foliage, colorful blooms, and a sense of structure to the garden. However, it can be disheartening to see those once vibrant shrubs turn brown and lose their vitality. The browning of shrubs can be caused by various factors, and understanding the underlying causes is essential to maintaining their health.

In this article, we will explore the common reasons why shrubs turn brown and provide insights into how to prevent this issue. From monitoring watering practices to addressing nutrient deficiencies and pest infestations, we will cover everything you need to know to keep your shrubs healthy and thriving.

Whether you are a seasoned gardener or a novice, understanding these causes and implementing preventative measures will help ensure that your shrubs remain green and vibrant throughout the growing season.

So, if you have noticed your shrubs turning brown and you’re wondering what might be causing it, read on to discover the potential culprits and the steps you can take to rectify the situation.

Common Causes of Shrubs Turning Brown

When shrubs start to develop brown foliage, it is a sign that something is amiss. Several factors can contribute to this issue, ranging from environmental stress to pest infestations. By understanding these common causes, you can identify and address the problem before it worsens. Here are some of the most frequently encountered causes of shrubs turning brown:

1. Lack of Water: One of the most common reasons for shrubs turning brown is insufficient water. Shrubs require regular watering, especially during hot and dry periods. When they don’t receive adequate moisture, their leaves can dry out and turn brown.

2. Overwatering: While lack of water can cause browning, overwatering can also have detrimental effects. When shrubs are constantly soaked, their roots can become waterlogged, leading to root rot and brown foliage. It is crucial to strike a balance between proper watering and avoiding excessive moisture.

3. Environmental Stress: Shrubs can face various environmental stressors, such as extreme heat, cold temperatures, strong winds, or excessive sunlight. These factors can cause browning and damage to the foliage. Providing adequate protection, shading, or insulation can help prevent stress-related browning.

4. Nutrient Deficiencies: Shrubs require certain nutrients to thrive and maintain their vibrant color. If the soil lacks essential elements such as nitrogen, potassium, or iron, the shrubs may exhibit brown leaves. Regular soil testing and proper fertilization can help address nutrient deficiencies and prevent browning.

5. Pest and Disease Infestation: Insects and diseases can wreak havoc on shrubs, causing foliage to turn brown and wither. Common pests that can cause damage include aphids, mites, and scale insects. Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew can also affect the health of shrubs. Timely identification and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent extensive browning.

6. Improper Pruning Techniques: Incorrect pruning practices can lead to stress and browning in shrubs. Pruning at the wrong time or removing too much foliage can disrupt the plant’s natural growth and damage its health. Learning proper pruning techniques and timing can help prevent browning caused by pruning-related stress.

7. Winter Damage: Severe winter conditions, such as freezing temperatures and harsh winds, can cause browning in shrubs. The cold can lead to desiccation of the leaves and damage to the plant’s tissues. Providing winter protection, such as wrapping or mulching, can help minimize browning caused by winter stress.

8. Transplant Shock: When shrubs are transplanted, they undergo a period of stress known as transplant shock. During this time, the roots may struggle to establish in the new location, resulting in browning leaves. Proper transplanting techniques, including careful handling and providing adequate water and nutrients, can minimize transplant shock and subsequent browning.

By understanding these common causes of shrubs turning brown, you can take proactive measures to prevent or address the issue. In the next section, we will explore various methods to maintain the health of your shrubs and prevent them from browning.

Lack of Water

One of the primary reasons why shrubs may turn brown is a lack of water. Shrubs, like all plants, need a consistent supply of water to thrive. When they don’t receive enough moisture, their leaves can begin to dry out and turn brown.

The amount of water a shrub needs can vary depending on factors such as the plant species, climate, and soil conditions. It is important to regularly monitor the moisture level in the soil and adjust watering accordingly.

Signs of a lack of water in shrubs can include wilting leaves, curled foliage, and a general drooping appearance. You may also notice that the soil around the shrub is dry and cracked.

To prevent shrubs from browning due to a lack of water, it is crucial to establish a consistent watering routine. Ensure that the shrubs receive enough water to penetrate the root zone. Deep watering encourages the roots to grow deeper into the soil and helps the plant become more resilient to drought conditions.

When watering your shrubs, aim to soak the soil to a depth of at least 6-8 inches. Use a soaker hose or drip irrigation system to deliver water directly to the root zone, minimizing moisture loss through evaporation. Water early in the morning to allow excess moisture on the foliage to evaporate during the day, reducing the risk of fungal diseases.

Regularly monitor the moisture level in the soil by inserting a finger or a moisture meter into the ground near the shrub’s root zone. If the soil feels dry at a depth of 1-2 inches, it is time to water. Adjust your watering schedule based on weather conditions, taking into account rainfall and temperature.

It is also important to note that shrubs may require more water during hot and dry periods, as well as in sandy or fast-draining soils. Consider mulching around the base of the shrubs to help retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.

By providing adequate water to your shrubs, you can prevent them from turning brown due to a lack of moisture. Remember, a hydrated shrub is a healthy and vibrant shrub.

Overwatering

While it may seem counterintuitive, overwatering is another common cause of shrubs turning brown. When shrubs are constantly soaked or receive excessive amounts of water, it can lead to root rot and other issues that result in browning foliage.

Overwatering can occur for several reasons, such as improper watering techniques, poorly draining soil, or excessive rainfall. When the soil becomes waterlogged, it deprives the roots of the necessary oxygen they need to function properly. This can lead to root suffocation and the development of diseases.

Signs of overwatering in shrubs include wilting, yellowing leaves, and a damp or foul-smelling root zone. The soil may appear constantly wet, and there may be an increase in pests, such as fungus gnats or mold, in the surrounding area.

To prevent shrubs from turning brown due to overwatering, it is essential to establish a proper watering routine and ensure good drainage around the plant. Here are a few tips to help you avoid overwatering your shrubs:

• Observe the soil: Before watering, check the soil moisture level by inserting your finger or a moisture meter into the ground near the root zone. If the soil feels moist or damp, it is likely that the plant does not need watering.
• Water deeply and infrequently: Instead of watering lightly every day, water deeply but less frequently. This encourages the roots to grow deeper into the soil in search of moisture, making the plant more resistant to drought conditions.
• Improve soil drainage: If your soil retains water excessively, consider amending it with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure. This helps improve drainage and prevents water from pooling around the roots.
• Use appropriate watering methods: Avoid overhead watering methods, such as sprinklers, which can lead to water wastage and increase the risk of fungal diseases. Instead, use drip irrigation or a soaker hose to provide water directly to the root zone.

Remember that proper watering practices may vary depending on factors such as the plant species, climate, and soil type. It is important to strike a balance and provide your shrubs with the right amount of water they need to thrive.

By avoiding overwatering, you can prevent browning of the shrubs and promote their overall health and vitality.

Environmental Stress

Environmental stress is a significant factor that can cause shrubs to turn brown. Shrubs are exposed to various environmental conditions, including extreme heat, cold temperatures, strong winds, and excessive sunlight, which can all contribute to stress and browning of the foliage.

During hot and dry periods, shrubs may struggle to access enough water from the soil, leading to dehydration and browning of the leaves. Additionally, exposure to intense sunlight can scorch the foliage and cause it to turn brown. On the other hand, cold temperatures, especially frost and freezing conditions, can damage the shrub’s tissues, resulting in browning and wilting.

To prevent shrubs from succumbing to environmental stress and turning brown, consider the following tips:

• Provide shade: If your shrubs are exposed to direct sunlight for extended periods, installing shade cloth or planting taller companion plants nearby can help provide some relief from the sun’s intense rays.
• Protect from wind: Strong winds can dry out the foliage and cause physical damage to the shrubs. Using windbreaks, such as fences or hedges, can help create a protective barrier and reduce the impact of wind on the shrubs.
• Water adequately: During hot and dry periods, it is important to water your shrubs regularly to help them withstand the heat. Deep watering, ensuring the moisture reaches the root zone, can help the shrubs stay hydrated and avoid browning.
• Provide insulation: In regions with severe winter conditions, protecting shrubs from freezing temperatures is crucial. Applying a layer of mulch around the base of the shrubs can help insulate the roots and prevent winter damage. Additionally, covering the shrubs with burlap or frost blankets can provide extra insulation.

By taking steps to minimize environmental stress, you can help your shrubs maintain their green and healthy appearance throughout the seasons.

Nutrient Deficiencies

Nutrient deficiencies can be a significant cause of shrubs turning brown. Shrubs require a variety of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron, to remain healthy and maintain their vibrant color. When these nutrients are lacking in the soil, the shrubs may exhibit signs of deficiency, including browning or yellowing of the leaves.

There are several reasons why nutrient deficiencies may occur in shrubs. Poor soil quality, improper fertilization practices, or excessive nutrient leaching can all contribute to a lack of essential nutrients. Additionally, certain soil conditions, such as high pH levels or compacted soil, can inhibit nutrient uptake by the shrub’s roots.

To prevent nutrient deficiencies and subsequent browning of shrubs, consider the following measures:

• Soil testing: Conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient levels and pH of the soil. This will help you identify any deficiencies and allow you to adjust the soil’s nutrient composition accordingly.
• Proper fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer specifically formulated for shrubs, following the manufacturer’s instructions. This will help replenish the essential nutrients and promote healthy growth. Opt for slow-release fertilizers that provide a steady supply of nutrients over time.
• Mulching: Mulching with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure can improve soil fertility and nutrient availability. Mulch also helps regulate soil temperature and moisture levels, promoting better nutrient uptake by the shrubs.
• pH adjustment: If the soil pH is too high or too low, it can affect nutrient availability to the shrubs. Consult a gardening professional or use appropriate soil amendments to adjust the pH levels and create a more favorable environment for nutrient absorption.
• Foliar feeding: In cases of severe nutrient deficiencies, foliar feeding can provide a quick boost of nutrients to the shrubs. Spray a liquid fertilizer directly on the foliage, ensuring complete coverage. However, foliar feeding should not replace regular soil fertilization.

Regular monitoring of your shrub’s foliage for any signs of nutrient deficiencies, such as yellowing or browning leaves, is crucial. By addressing nutrient deficiencies promptly and providing the required nutrients, you can prevent shrubs from turning brown and promote overall plant health.

Pest and Disease Infestation

Pests and diseases can wreak havoc on shrubs, causing foliage to turn brown and wither. Insects such as aphids, mites, scale insects, and caterpillars can attack shrubs and feed on the leaves, sucking out vital nutrients and causing irreversible damage. Fungal and bacterial diseases like powdery mildew, leaf spots, and root rot can also contribute to browning and deterioration of the shrub’s health.

Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent pests and diseases from causing extensive damage to shrubs. Here are some measures you can take:

• Regular inspection: Regularly inspect your shrubs for signs of pest infestation or disease. Look for visible pests, such as clusters of insects or webbing, and signs of disease, such as discolored or distorted leaves.
• Natural predators: Encourage beneficial insects and birds that feed on common garden pests. Ladybugs and lacewings, for example, prey on aphids, while birds eat caterpillars and other insects. Planting flowers that attract these predators can help keep pest populations in check.
• Pruning and sanitation: Remove and discard any infested or diseased plant parts to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Prune shrubs to increase airflow and reduce humidity, which can discourage fungal diseases.
• Proper watering: Avoid overwatering, as excessive moisture can create conditions favorable for fungal diseases. Water the shrubs at the base rather than overhead to prevent water from sitting on the foliage.
• Chemical control: In severe cases, when pest or disease populations are high, chemical control may be necessary. Use appropriate insecticides or fungicides following the instructions carefully and considering their potential impact on beneficial insects, pollinators, and the environment.
• Preventive measures: Maintain proper plant hygiene and practices to prevent pests and diseases. This includes keeping the area around the shrubs free from debris, providing adequate spacing between plants, and avoiding excessive use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers, which can make shrubs more susceptible to certain diseases.

Regular monitoring and timely action are key to preventing pest and disease infestations that can cause shrubs to turn brown. By implementing these preventative measures and addressing issues promptly, you can ensure the health and vitality of your shrubs.

Improper Pruning Techniques

Improper pruning techniques can contribute to stress and browning in shrubs. Pruning is an essential practice for maintaining the health, shape, and size of shrubs. However, when pruning is done incorrectly or at the wrong time, it can disrupt the plant’s natural growth pattern and lead to browning foliage.

Here are some common pruning mistakes that can cause shrubs to turn brown:

• Excessive pruning: Removing too much foliage at once can put stress on the shrub and weaken its overall health. It is essential to follow proper pruning guidelines and avoid excessive pruning.
• Pruning at the wrong time: Pruning at the wrong time of year can disrupt the shrub’s growth cycle and cause browning. It is crucial to understand the specific pruning requirements of each shrub species and prune at the appropriate time, whether it is in early spring, after flowering, or during dormancy.
• Improper pruning cuts: Making incorrect pruning cuts, such as cutting too close to the main branch or leaving stubs, can create entry points for diseases and pests. Use sharp, clean pruning tools and make clean angled cuts just above the branch collar.
• Topping or shearing: Topping or shearing shrubs to create uniform shapes may result in excessive leaf removal and weaken the shrub over time. Instead, opt for selective pruning methods that encourage natural growth and maintain the shrub’s structural integrity.

To prevent browning caused by improper pruning techniques, it is important to employ proper pruning practices:

• Educate yourself: Learn about the specific pruning needs of different shrub species and understand the best practices for each type.
• Use the right tools: Use sharp and clean pruning tools, such as pruning shears or loppers, to make precise and clean cuts. Disinfect the tools between cuts, especially when pruning diseased shrubs.
• Prune selectively: Rather than shearing the entire shrub, selectively prune individual branches to maintain its natural shape and promote healthy growth.
• Prune at the right time: Prune at the appropriate time of year, following the specific recommendations for each shrub species. This ensures minimal stress and allows the shrub to recover quickly.
• Remove dead or diseased branches: Regularly inspect your shrubs for dead or diseased branches and promptly remove them to prevent the spread of diseases and improve the overall health of the shrub.

By employing proper pruning techniques, you can help your shrubs maintain their overall health, minimize stress, and prevent browning of the foliage.

Winter Damage

Severe winter conditions can cause shrubs to suffer from browning and damage. Freezing temperatures, icy winds, and fluctuating weather patterns can all take a toll on shrubs, leading to winter damage. It is important to take precautions to protect your shrubs and minimize the risk of browning during the cold season.

Here are some common types of winter damage that can cause shrubs to turn brown:

• Desiccation: Cold winds and low humidity can cause moisture loss from the leaves and stems of shrubs. This can result in shriveled and brown foliage.
• Frost damage: When temperatures drop below freezing, the water within the cells of shrubs can freeze, causing cell walls to rupture. This damage can lead to browning and wilting of the affected foliage.
• Winter burn: Winter burn occurs when shrubs suffer from dehydration due to frozen ground preventing their roots from taking up water. This can result in browning and drying of the foliage, particularly on the side facing prevailing winds or direct sunlight.
• Heavy snow or ice: Excessive snow or ice accumulation on shrubs can weigh down the branches, causing them to snap or bend. This physical damage can lead to browning and breakage of the affected areas.

To protect your shrubs from winter damage and browning, consider the following measures:

• Winter mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the shrubs to insulate the roots and protect them from extreme temperatures. Mulch also helps retain soil moisture, preventing dehydration caused by winter winds.
• Watering before freeze: Prior to the arrival of freezing temperatures, give your shrubs a thorough watering. Moist soil retains heat better than dry soil, helping to protect the roots from extreme cold.
• Wrapping: Wrap sensitive shrubs with burlap or frost blankets to provide extra protection against cold winds and frost. Secure the wrapping loosely and avoid covering the shrub tightly, which can promote moisture buildup and disease.
• Remove heavy snow or ice: Gently brush off excessive snow or carefully remove ice buildup from the branches of your shrubs. This prevents the weight from causing bending or breakage that can lead to browning.

By taking steps to protect your shrubs from winter damage, you can minimize browning and ensure their healthy growth come spring.

Transplant Shock

Transplanting shrubs is a common practice for gardeners looking to relocate or add new plants to their landscape. However, transplanting can subject shrubs to a period of stress known as transplant shock. This stress can cause browning of the foliage and hinder the overall health and growth of the shrub.

Transplant shock occurs when the shrub’s root system undergoes disruption and struggles to establish in its new location. The shock is a result of various factors including root damage, environmental changes, and water and nutrient imbalance.

Recognizing the signs of transplant shock is crucial in addressing the issue promptly. Some common symptoms include wilting, browning or yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and overall decline in the shrub’s health.

To help shrubs overcome transplant shock and prevent browning, follow these tips:

• Prepare the new location: Before transplanting, ensure that the new location is suitable for the shrub’s requirements in terms of sunlight, soil quality, and drainage. Proper site preparation helps minimize stress on the shrub.
• Water thoroughly: Water the shrub thoroughly before transplantation to ensure that the root ball is well hydrated. After transplanting, continue to provide regular watering to help the shrub establish its roots in the new location.
• Handle with care: During the transplanting process, handle the shrub gently to minimize root damage. Avoid pulling, bending, or disturbing the root ball excessively.
• Prune judiciously: Prune back the top growth of the shrub to compensate for root loss and to minimize stress on the plant. Aim to remove no more than one-third of the total foliage.
• Apply root stimulator: A root stimulator solution or transplanting fertilizer can encourage root development and improve the shrub’s chances of survival.
• Mulch the base: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the shrub, but be sure to keep it a few inches away from the trunk. This helps conserve soil moisture and insulates the roots against temperature fluctuations.
• Monitor closely: Keep a close eye on the transplanted shrub for any signs of stress or browning. Provide additional care and attention as needed, such as adjusting watering, providing shade, or protecting against harsh weather conditions.

Patience is key when dealing with transplant shock. It may take several weeks or even months for the shrub to recover and for new growth to emerge. By providing proper care and minimizing stress during the transplant process, you can help the shrub overcome transplant shock and prevent browning.

How to Prevent Shrubs from Turning Brown

Preventing shrubs from turning brown requires a proactive approach to their care and maintenance. By implementing the following practices, you can ensure the health and vibrancy of your shrubs:

• Proper watering: Water your shrubs according to their specific needs, taking into account factors such as the species, climate, and soil type. Deep watering, avoiding both under and overwatering, will help maintain the optimal moisture levels, preventing browning.
• Regular fertilization: Provide your shrubs with the necessary nutrients by applying a balanced fertilizer formulated for shrubs. Regular fertilization helps prevent nutrient deficiencies that can lead to browning.
• Soil testing: Conduct soil testing to determine the pH level and nutrient content of the soil. This will guide you in making appropriate amendments and ensuring optimal soil conditions for your shrubs.
• Proper pruning practices: Learn and implement proper pruning techniques, including pruning at the right time, making clean cuts, and avoiding excessive pruning. This helps maintain the shrub’s shape and health, minimizing stress and browning.
• Pest and disease control: Regularly inspect your shrubs for signs of pest infestation or disease. Take proactive measures to control pests and diseases through natural predators, proper sanitation, and if necessary, targeted treatments.
• Protection from environmental stress: Shield your shrubs from extreme heat, cold, wind, and excessive sunlight by providing shade, windbreaks, and appropriate watering practices. This helps minimize stress and browning caused by environmental factors.
• Winter protection: Prepare your shrubs for winter by applying mulch, watering adequately before freeze, and protecting against heavy snow or ice. These measures reduce the risk of winter damage and subsequent browning.
• Proper transplanting: When transplanting shrubs, handle them with care to avoid root damage and minimize transplant shock. Provide adequate water, nutrients, and post-transplant care to help the shrubs establish in their new location.

By implementing these preventive measures and incorporating them into your routine garden care, you can significantly reduce the risk of shrubs turning brown. When brown foliage does occur, promptly identify the underlying cause and take appropriate action to restore the health and beauty of your shrubs.

Conclusion

Maintaining the health and vibrancy of shrubs is essential for a visually appealing and thriving garden or landscape. Understanding the common causes of shrubs turning brown and implementing preventive measures can help preserve the beauty and vitality of these plants. Whether it’s addressing issues related to watering, nutrient deficiencies, pest infestations, pruning, environmental stress, winter damage, or transplant shock, taking proactive steps is key to keeping your shrubs healthy.

By providing the appropriate amount of water, avoiding both under and overwatering, you can ensure that your shrubs receive adequate moisture without causing damage. Fertilizing regularly and addressing nutrient deficiencies will provide the essential elements necessary for vigorous growth and foliage color.

Vigilance against pests and diseases is crucial to preventing browning in shrubs. Identifying signs of infestation or disease early and deploying appropriate control methods will help safeguard your shrubs’ health.

Practicing proper pruning techniques at the correct time helps maintain the natural shape and structure of shrubs while minimizing stress. Protecting against environmental factors, such as extreme heat, cold, wind, and excessive sunlight, will reduce the risk of browning caused by environmental stress.

During winter, providing insulation, protection against heavy snow or ice, and proper watering will prevent winter damage that can lead to browning. When transplanting shrubs, taking care to minimize root damage and providing necessary post-transplant care will help the shrubs establish in their new location and avoid transplant shock.

In conclusion, by following these preventive measures and addressing any issues promptly, you can keep your shrubs healthy, vibrant, and free from browning. Remember to observe your shrubs closely, evaluate their specific needs, and adapt your care accordingly. A little extra attention and care can go a long way in ensuring the longevity and beauty of your shrubs for years to come.